Bhangra for Beginners

Class 1:
Single Dhamal
Motion is divided in 2 parts.
Upper Body- You need to a huge U with yours Arms and hand with OM position of fingers.
Lower Body-  Roll Your Left Knee in 45 degree and tap your right keg and then flip.

Simple Dhamal Full Video

Working with SNMP and SNMP Traps

You may wonder that how to monitor the Huge servers, storage's, network devices and other critical IT infrastructure!!

There come SNMP  to our rescue. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application-layer protocol used to manage and monitor network devices and their functions. SNMP provides a common language for network devices to relay management information within single- and multivendor environments in a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).

If count on fingures we can monitor routers, switches and wireless access points to endpoints like printers, scanners and internet of things (IoT) devices etc to DNS, Network managers etc. How does SNMP works??

Simply we need three things:

1. Agent on Device/End Point/Apllication

2.  SNMP Server (NMS) to collect information/Traps

3. Management Information Base (MIB)- This database is a text file (.mib) that itemizes and describes all objects used by a particular device that can be queried or controlled using SNMP. This database must be loaded into the NMS so that it can identify and monitor the status of these properties. Each MIB item is assigned an object identifier (OID).

# We are mapping the Object (like Ping Response, UpTime etc) in the server and establishing connections between the agent installed on the end device. 

SNMP agents send UDP/TCP packet to NMS wrt to the OID mapped.Following messages are sent :

• GET: Generated by the SNMP manager and sent to an agent to obtain the value of a variable, identified by its OID, in an MIB .
• RESPONSE: Sent by the agent to the SNMP manager, issued in reply to a GET request. Contains the values of the requested variables.
• GETNEXT: Sent by the SNMP manager to agent to retrieve the values of the next OID in the MIB's hierarchy.
• GETBULK: Sent by the SNMP manager to the agent to obtain large tables of data by performing multiple GETNEXT commands.
• SET: Sent by the SNMP manager to the agent to issue configurations or commands.
• TRAP: An asynchronous alert sent by the agent to the SNMP manager to indicate a significant event, such as an error or failure, has occurred.

The SNMPv1 SMI defines highly structured MIB tables that are used to group objects that contain multiple variables. Tables contain zero or more rows, which are indexed, so SNMP can retrieve or alter an entire row with a supported command.

SNMPv2c functions within the specifications of SMI. MIB modules contain definitions of interrelated managed objects. The operations that are used in SNMPv1 are similar to those that are used in SNMPv2. The SNMPv2 trap operation, for example, serves the same function as that used in SNMPv1, but it uses a different message format and replaces the SNMPv1 trap.

The most recent iteration of SNMP, version 3, includes security enhancements that authenticate and encrypt SNMP messages as well as protect packets during transit. 

References:

1. https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/SNMP
2. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/cucm/managed_services/8_6_1/cucm/managed_services/snmp.pdf

Design & Analysis of Low Power VCO for VLSI & Communication System Complete Book

The explosive growth in portable systems, laptops and cellular networks has intensified the research efforts in low-power microelectronics. This is because VLSI technology allows circuits with more and more functionality to be integrated in a single chip. Such rapid technology developments revolutionized digital electronics, thereby fuelling one of the fastest growing markets ever observed. This revolution has also benefitted communication devices as well, such as amplifiers, Voltage Control Oscillators (VCO), filters etc, although at a slower pace due to the many challenges in adapting to degrading device characteristics. The common performance parameter to be improvised is power requirement. In particular, the tough requirements imposed by cellular phone applications have been a key driver for VCO research. So VCO is still a challenging component for designers. In light of the above trends, the main goal of this work would be to identify successful measures for narrow band and wideband low-power, low-noise frequency synthesis.


The complete book is available on the link given below:

1. https://www.amazon.fr/Design-Analysis-Power-Communication-System/dp/6139892007
2. https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details/store/es/book/978-613-9-89200-6/design-analysis-of-low-power-vco-for-vlsi-communication-system?search=dhrub
3. https://www.amazon.com.br/Design-Analysis-Power-Communication-System/dp/6139892007

Using Cluster URL for Failover & Load Balancing

                           Using Cluster URL for Failover & Load Balancing

URLs used on the WWW uses protocol specified by :, for example, "http:". 

A CORBA (JAVA) product may optionally support the "http:" formats. 

All CORBA products must support "corbaloc:" and "corbaname:", which are two URLs defined. The purpose of these is to provide a url address which can be read by Human.

Some examples of corbaloc URLs are shown below:

• corbaloc:iiop:Host1:2809,iiop:Host2:2809/FileNet/Engine-- This URL can be used for the two or more different host URL.
•  iiop then the default version of IIOP that is used is 1.0. It is advisable to specify the most recent version of IIOP that is understood by both the client and server application.

• The default port number is 2809.
• Similary this can be used for a host and virtual url for a cluster.Example is given below:
• corbaloc:iiop:Host1:2809,iiop:Cluster Virtual Host:9810/cell/clusters/ECM_Cluster/FileNet/Engine
• The default port number for cluster url is 9810.

Thanks

Dhrub Solanki

Reference:

1. http://www.ciaranmchale.com/corba-utilities/the-corbaloc-and-corbaname-urls.html

Design and Analysis of LC-VCO Using MEMS Spiral Inductor

This paper presents an integrated inductance-capacitance voltage controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) design. The design of the spiral inductor has been optimized. Thereafter, it is integrated with the main circuit. VCO is designed so that it provides high degree of functionality while maximizing performance over environmental conditions. The VCO model provides a low phase noise, low power and high frequency solution. The designed VCO shall be useful for ultra wideband and communication application.

Keywords: Inductance Capacitance- Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Low power, MEMS Inductor.

Author : Dhrub Solanki, Rajeevan Chandel, Tafseer Alam and Atul Nishad

Volume : No.2 (2011) Issue No. :1 (2011)

Pages : 47-51

Paper Link: http://www.serialsjournals.com/articles.php?volumesno_id=276&journals_id=148&volumes_id=461

Design of LC-VCO for low power narrowband electronic applications


Abstract:

A low power, low phase-noise Inductance Capacitance voltage controlled 
oscillator (LC-VCO) is demonstrated on 180 nm CMOS Technology node. 
By using external current biasing it is not feasible to obtain low power 
and noise characteristic simultaneously. Therefore, low power and low phase 
noise characteristics are achieved by using the current mirror is being used. 
Also to reduce the power modifications is being done in the traditional LC-VCO structure. 
The VCO designed is operating at 12.5 GHz with tuning range of 7.75% which will useful for
wireless narrowband applications. The phase noise attained is -117 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset 
from 12.5 GHz oscillation frequency. The power dissipation is 0.1114 mW for 1.8 V supply 
voltage. The figure of merit for this LC-VCO is nearly 175. The present oscillator is the 
best amongst the various CMOS oscillators referred to from literature in terms of the power dissipation.



INTRODUCTION

According to recent developments in the design of radio frequency (RF) front-end modules 
is implementation of low power, low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). 
So it is said that there is immense scope of research for design of LC-VCO [1]–[3]. 
Long has used NMOS as a biasing current source to design 2.4GHz Low-Power Low-Phase VCO [4]. 
Bond wire inductor is being utilized by Ahrens and Lee for a 1.4GHz, 3mW CMOS LC low phase noise
VCO [5]. Ham and Hajimiri, proposed an optimized LC-VCO with just 2GHz oscillating frequency [6]. 
5.8 GHz fully integrated low power, low phase noise designed by Bhattacharjee et al [7]. 
Song and Yoon demonstrated a 1-V 5 GHz Low Phase Noise LC-VCO by Using Voltage-Dividing 
and Bias-Level Shifting Technique [8]. Moon et al used a Small VCO-Gain Variation to design 
4.39–5.26 GHz LC-Voltage-Controlled Oscillator [9]. Very recently Issa et al demonstrated 
Graphical Optimization and optimized a 4GHz CMOS LC-VCO [10]. But all above LC-VCO dissipates 
the power in some mill-watts. Our work would be to reduce the power as below as possible.
 As if it results in the lower tuning range also it will particularly useful for the low power 
 applications as well as the cellphone industrial applications.





Details @ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5940827/

Published in: 2011 2nd International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, 
Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE)

Date of Conference: 28 Feb.-3 March 2011

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 05 July 2011

ISBN Information:



INSPEC Accession Number: 12094491

DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940827

Publisher: IEEE