http://post.jagran.com/Drinking-tea-in-plastic-cup-makes-you-vulnerable-to-cancer-1301388298

Drinking tea in plastic cup makes you vulnerable to cancer

Do you take tea in a plastic cup which is brought in colourful polythene bags? Do you consume food which is packed in polythene? If it is so, shun this practice, otherwise you will contract serious liver and kidney disease or even cancer.

Polythene bags or plastic cups available in markets are re-cycled which is made with the help of a poisonous chemical-Bisphenol-A. According to various tests conducted so far, this compound has been proved cancerous.

Apart from Bisphenol-A, other chemicals that are used in giving colour to plastics are also toxic. Whether it is keeping hot tea or a cold item in a plastic cup, both are equally harmful and the toxic chemicals get mixed with them.

According to Dr Bir Singh in AIIMS Community Medicine Department, consuming stuff in colourful and white recycled plastic jars or cups can also be hazardous.

The Bisphenol-A is harmful for children as well as pregnant women. It can lead to breast cancer in women and also become a reason for miscarriages. It can affect fertility in males as well.

Former AIIMS Neuro specialist who is presently with Artimus Hills Institute in Gurgaon, Dr Praveen Gupta said that toxic chemicals enter body through consuming foods packed in plastic bags. It affects the brain activity. This can also affect memory power in children, he said.

Kindly show your responsibility towards a clean bharat by just saying no to plastic, in any form. Further if u have any innovative idea regarding same please spread it.

Regards

Responsible Bharatiya

Follow: http://chaitanyabharat414.blogspot.in/     Courtesy:   Jagran Post Editorial, 29 Mar 2011 

Design and Analysis of LC-VCO Using MEMS Spiral Inductor

This paper presents an integrated inductance-capacitance voltage controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) design. The design of the spiral inductor has been optimized. Thereafter, it is integrated with the main circuit. VCO is designed so that it provides high degree of functionality while maximizing performance over environmental conditions. The VCO model provides a low phase noise, low power and high frequency solution. The designed VCO shall be useful for ultra wideband and communication application.

Keywords: Inductance Capacitance- Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Low power, MEMS Inductor.

Author : Dhrub Solanki, Rajeevan Chandel, Tafseer Alam and Atul Nishad

Volume : No.2 (2011) Issue No. :1 (2011)

Pages : 47-51

Paper Link: http://www.serialsjournals.com/articles.php?volumesno_id=276&journals_id=148&volumes_id=461

Design of LC-VCO for low power narrowband electronic applications


Abstract:

A low power, low phase-noise Inductance Capacitance voltage controlled 
oscillator (LC-VCO) is demonstrated on 180 nm CMOS Technology node. 
By using external current biasing it is not feasible to obtain low power 
and noise characteristic simultaneously. Therefore, low power and low phase 
noise characteristics are achieved by using the current mirror is being used. 
Also to reduce the power modifications is being done in the traditional LC-VCO structure. 
The VCO designed is operating at 12.5 GHz with tuning range of 7.75% which will useful for
wireless narrowband applications. The phase noise attained is -117 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset 
from 12.5 GHz oscillation frequency. The power dissipation is 0.1114 mW for 1.8 V supply 
voltage. The figure of merit for this LC-VCO is nearly 175. The present oscillator is the 
best amongst the various CMOS oscillators referred to from literature in terms of the power dissipation.



INTRODUCTION

According to recent developments in the design of radio frequency (RF) front-end modules 
is implementation of low power, low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). 
So it is said that there is immense scope of research for design of LC-VCO [1]–[3]. 
Long has used NMOS as a biasing current source to design 2.4GHz Low-Power Low-Phase VCO [4]. 
Bond wire inductor is being utilized by Ahrens and Lee for a 1.4GHz, 3mW CMOS LC low phase noise
VCO [5]. Ham and Hajimiri, proposed an optimized LC-VCO with just 2GHz oscillating frequency [6]. 
5.8 GHz fully integrated low power, low phase noise designed by Bhattacharjee et al [7]. 
Song and Yoon demonstrated a 1-V 5 GHz Low Phase Noise LC-VCO by Using Voltage-Dividing 
and Bias-Level Shifting Technique [8]. Moon et al used a Small VCO-Gain Variation to design 
4.39–5.26 GHz LC-Voltage-Controlled Oscillator [9]. Very recently Issa et al demonstrated 
Graphical Optimization and optimized a 4GHz CMOS LC-VCO [10]. But all above LC-VCO dissipates 
the power in some mill-watts. Our work would be to reduce the power as below as possible.
 As if it results in the lower tuning range also it will particularly useful for the low power 
 applications as well as the cellphone industrial applications.





Details @ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5940827/

Published in: 2011 2nd International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, 
Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE)

Date of Conference: 28 Feb.-3 March 2011

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 05 July 2011

ISBN Information:



INSPEC Accession Number: 12094491

DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940827

Publisher: IEEE